Additional meat options: pork for stews pork ribs chicken breasts beef for stews sausages goat meat chorizo Seasonings In a large kettle, place the beef broth, oxtais, tomatoes, onions, corn, peppers, garlic, coriander and zucchini. Lower the temperature to 160C / fan 140C / 320F / gas mark 3, add the parsley and stir, then cook for another 1 hours.
21 Delicious Caribbean Recipes - Food Network Pour off all but 1 tablespoon fat from pot.
1 Potato Diced (optional). It is a very traditional home-style dish cooked in Puerto Rico and many other Latin American countries Basically, it is a well seasoned ground meat mixture, and it is very versatile. Give the vegetables a squeeze to get as much of the juices out as possible, then discard them. Season with salt and paprika; stir in carrots. In the Philippines, a peanut-based oxtail stew called kare-kare is a big national favourite, while in Cuba, a similar stew to this one called rabo encendido is very popular. Hi, Im Alpana. The most flavorful oxtails you'll ever make. sauteeing, I (Be careful - hot foods covered and processed in a blender can cause the top to "pop" and you may be burned. What should I make for dinner tonight? Chicken Fricassee is absolute comfort food, which can be made on stovetop or in the slow cooker.
The BEST OXTAIL EVER|| Fresh ingredients||Spanish Seasoning - YouTube I chose to keep this Puerto Rican oxtail stew on the simple side, this Instant Pot oxtail stew recipe is great for beginners! We buy Colombian Chorizo at the local Colombian store. Oxtail stew is an often overlooked stew recipe. Since 1995, Epicurious has been the ultimate food resource for the home cook, with daily kitchen tips, fun cooking videos, and, oh yeah, over 33,000 recipes. Pinchos De Pollo are chicken skewers seasoned with Puerto Rican spices and then grilled to perfection. In Chinese cuisine, it is usually made into a soup called (niwi tng, oxtail soup). Add some salt and black pepper to taste, together with the flour. I put the oxtails in a baking dish and sealed it off with foil but I don't think this created the slow braising environment that the oxtails needed. Puerto Rican Oxtail Stew Tender and delicious, oxtail stew is a rich and hearty stew made with oxtails, corn, potatoes, and the traditional flavors of Puerto Rico. She has an MA in Food Research from Stanford University. It is meant to mimic the flavors of pernil. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. for guests without 1 tsp Adobo. Said to have been invented in San Juan in 1978, the Pina Colada is just about the official beverage of Puerto Rico. Heat oil in pot over moderately high heat until hot but not smoking, then brown oxtails in batches without crowding, turning occasionally, about 5 minutes per batch. Bring to a boil, cover and simmer for 1 hour, or until the oxtails and vegetables are fork-tender. Puerto Rican Chillo Frito recipe is a popular restaurant menu dish.
Puerto Rican Oxtail Stew : Top Picked from our Experts Garnishes and optional ingredients are not included. From sancocho to chicken noodle soup, it's always great to have a variety of Puerto Rican soup recipes! Guided by taste, not measurements, I strive to recreate classic Puerto Rican and Cuban recipes treasured by those that have come before us.
Puerto Rican Instant Pot Oxtail Stew | Latina Mom Meals Sort our recpes by regions: Your email address will not be published.
Sancocho (Caribbean Beef Stew) - The Noshery Some people prefer to pressure cook oxtails because it makes the oxtail tender in a shorter time. Its on every menu in Puerto Rico. When it comes to Spanish stews, rabo de toro is as good as it gets. These crispy Yuca Frita (Yuca Fries) are a staple Puerto Rican side dish. Let it sit for about 10-15 minutes, without stirring it and you'll soon see it splits. There is plenty of their famous flavor enhancers like sofrito, Sazon, and adobo. Very savory. Continuing using the same pot, lower the heat and add the onions, stirring vigorously to soak up all the fats. The cooking temperatures and times you can tweak. I have executed this dish on a score or more occassions because it tastes great and the preparation is uncomplicated. As with most tough cuts, oxtail are best slow cooked for several hours. suggested. chewy side. Procedure: In a large kettle, place the beef broth, oxtais, tomatoes, onions, corn, peppers, garlic, coriander and zucchini. After searing and So many great Puerto Rican recipes to cook. half hours in the Added a large pinch of Azafran (Saffron). Oxtails are bony, and the meat is tougher than steaks or chops, so slow braising or stewing are some of the best ways to cook them for a tender and flavorful end result. Cook either on the stove or the Instant Pot! Youre going to love this fun sandwich variation! When the meat is tender, remove oxtails from the cooking liquid. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Both dried beans and canned beans recipes to choose from! Cut into 2-inch pieces. I could go on and on, but if you have a choice, please choose fresh oxtails for rabo guisado. 1 tbs Tomato Paste. Its best to do it in batches. Iron helps you to maintain a healthy immune system and also helps prevent fatigue. To revisit this recipe, visit My Account, then View saved recipes. New recipes, tips & tricks, reviews and giveaways every week! Fish out the oxtail and pieces of meat that fell off because its so tender. Pasteln is kinf of like the Puerto Rican version of lasagna. Mashed fried green plantain (mofongo) is topped with carne frita (fried pork chunks). Just follow the golden rule: the lower and slower, the better! 2 quarts beef broth 2 lbs oxtails or 2 lbs beef shins 2 tomatoes, skinned and quartered 2 medium onions, quartered 3 ears corn on the cob, cut corn from the cob or 1 1/2 cups frozen corn 2 small green peppers, seeded and quartered 3 garlic cloves 13 cup fresh coriander or 1/3 cup fresh parsley 2 medium zucchini, peeled and cut into 1 inch pieces Set pressure to high and cook for 55 minutes. Thats where the name rabo de toro comes from. Many different cultures around the world use oxtails as a key ingredient in their national cuisine. There are plenty of variations, but this one made using authentic Puerto Rico seasonings is our favorite. Ingredients 1 cups vino seco (white cooking wine) cup olive oil 1 teaspoon salt 4 pounds beef oxtails 2 tablespoons olive oil, divided 2 potatoes, peeled and quartered 2 cups diced onion 1 cup diced carrots 6 cloves garlic, coarsely chopped teaspoon salt cup green olives, pitted and halved 3 bay leaves Enjoy! Toss carrots, parsnips, and turnips in olive oil in a roasting pan. Don't Forget to Subscribe!! All you need is a sprinkling of sea salt on top and stack a heap of them along with some dipping sauce for unlimited snacking. Add beef broth, thyme, rosemary, and bay leaf; bring to a boil. Remove any solidified fat before reheating. Rast the roma tomatos at 350 degrees until blistered. If you're using boneless, skinless chicken breasts or thighs, add them now. From their hearty soups and stews, roasted and grilled meats, rice preparations, plantain dishes and more, youll find it all here. Coquito is a classic Puerto Rican drink, commonly served during the holidays. Add 3/4 cup of the stock from the pot and blend briefly at low speed with the lid ajar to allow steam to escape and then at high speed for 30 seconds. All rights reserved. Cook over medium heat, uncovered, stirring, for 5 minutes, or until the past is still a bit chewy.
Oxtail Stew | Rabo Encendido - Chef Zee Cooks In Russia, many appetisers feature oxtail as an ingredient. As an Amazon Associate and affiliate marketer I earn from qualifying purchases. Oxtails are bony, and the meat is tougher than steaks or chops, so slow braising or stewing are some of the best ways to cook them for a tender and flavorful end result. Sprinkle all over with salt and pepper. Pollo a la Barbacoa (Cuban Soy Butter Chicken), Cuban Pernil Instant Pot Recipe (Cuban Pulled Pork Instant Pot Recipe). Watch and learn. Continue cooking until a bubbling point is reached. I was a little Next time I will double the pimenton(Spanish paprika) and use the hot kind. Let it bubble for 3 minutes. US born and raised, Neyssa is a mother of five who loves to cook Puerto Rican and Cuban recipes from her home kitchen! Savory chunks of beef are simmered in a rich gravy until it is melt-in-your-mouth tender. Pour the vegetable puree back into the pot. Your email address will not be published. Like most stews, the cooking process is simple and the rewards are glorious. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Cook for a few minutes until the onions are translucent. About 1 hour before the meat is done, preheat the oven to roast the root vegetables. Oxtail Stew is a staple comfort food all over the Caribbean, and this is the most delicious version of all. Chicken Fricassee, also known as chicken in a pot, is a traditional chicken stew from Puerto Rico. Add in chopped pepper, cilantro, salt, pepper, and 1 quart of beef stock. Famous in the south of Spain, this Spanish oxtail recipe is simple to make and perfect for the fall and winter seasons. With a skimmer or a slotted spoon, take the vegetables from the pot and place into a blender or food processor. Try cooking all of these great Puerto Rican dishes, youre going to love these flavors! 3 pounds (1.3 kg) oxtails with separated joints, Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper, 1 tablespoon extra virgin olive oil, plus more for roasting the vegetables, 2 carrots, cut into 1-inch segments, large pieces also cut lengthwise, 2 parsnips, cut into 1-inch segments, large pieces also cut lengthwise, 2 turnips or rutabagas, cut into 1-inch pieces. Place the lid on the pot and transfer to the oven.
Classic Puerto Rican and Cuban recipes! - Latina Mom Meals Add paprika and cook, stirring, 1 minute. You can also braise oxtails in a roasting pan. This dish was absolutely perfect! I made this oxtail recipe after trying and modifying lots of other oxtail recipes. Heat just enough cooking oil in a large, deep skillet over medium heat so that it will cover the plantains. Enjoy with tostones, and arroz con gandules for the ultimate meal. You could get them for pennies a pound. Its the most succulent and flavorful turkey you have ever eaten. Marinade in fridge overnight if possible or at least 2 hours. This recipe is awesome. Another method is to use a large cooking spoon to skim fat from a cooked stew that seems too oily. A delightfully tender Puerto Rican oxtail stew that is made in the Instant Pot! * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. This makes it utterly divine when cooked over a low heat. We served with The flavors were good. So a lot of butchers and a lot of plantation owners would prefer to go with higher-end cuts in the meats. Transfer to a plate; set aside. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. had smoked paprika, Rub both sides of oxtail with soy sauce mixture; discard any excess. Your email address will not be published. Its very popular in the south, particularly Andaluscia, as well as the nations capital, Madrid. So, a 100g serving of oxtail contains about 262 calories, as well as 5.56g of saturated fat. Then, you will place your oxtails in a freezer bag and allow them to marinate in the bag for about 45 minutes to 1 hour in the refrigerator. One of Spains most delicious dishes and thats saying something! tsp Red Pepper Flakes or 1 small Scotch Bonnet Pepper. cabernet sauvignon, They tend to be fatty, so we like to cook them a day ahead, so we can chill them overnight and scrape off the fat from the top the next day. cheated and used a diced piquillo Your email address will not be published. Add potatoes, carrots, celery, onion, tomato sauce, beef broth, red wine, parsley, Worcestershire sauce, thyme, and paprika. Oxtail seasoning - add some extra richness by including this oxtails seasoning, with its unique bold flavor. I have made this dish plenty of times and every time it tastes even better.I served it to my father when he came to visit from Puerto Rico and he said that it was the best ox tail stew he has ever had aside from his mothers..I COULD HAVE NOT GOTTEN A BETTER COMPLIMENT IF I PAID FOR IT MYSELF!!!! was still on the Puerto Rican cuisine is one of our favorites. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Find classic dinner recipes using beef, chicken, pork, or seafood! Puerto Rican Recipes Recipe by Type 59 Mins or Less Healthy Options Comfort Foods Spices & Seasonings Sauces How To's One Pot Picnics and Cookouts Baking Bread Cakes and Pies Cookies Savory Recipe by Category Beverage Recipes Juice Recipes Non-Alcoholic Alcoholic Mains Beef Chicken Lamb Pork Seafood Vegetarian Appetizers Breakfast Desserts Dinner If youre a fan of the beautiful rich taste of oxtail, dont stop at this recipe. What youll be left with is a rich, dark and glossy gravy. Free up space in your oven on Thanksgiving for other heavy hitters by assembling and baking this stuffing the day before. cup watermelon radish thinly shaved cup popcorn shoots 1 lime wedge Instructions Toast the chiles and remove the seeds, soak the chiles in the chicken stock. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . This Habichuelas Guisadas (Puerto Rican Stewed Beans) are the tastiest beans you will ever eat, seasoned with tomato, sofrito, sazon and adobo. succes and More information Comments More like this When meat is tender, remove oxtails from the cooking liquid. ** Nutrient information is not available for all ingredients. A QUARTER teaspoon of paprika, for example; it hardly even registers on the palate. Puerto Rican Shrimp Ceviche is light and fresh summer appetizer. When meat is tender, remove oxtails from the cooking liquid. Add oxtails with any juices accumulated in bowl and chopped tomatoes (liquid should come about halfway up sides of meat) and bring to a boil. Pin or bookmark this collection of great recipes so you always know where to find it.
The 35 BEST Puerto Rican Recipes - GypsyPlate When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Great recipe overall. Puerto Rican Picadillo recipe is a perfect weeknight meal. Mofongo con Carne Frita is one of the star dishes of Puerto Rican cuisine. If you are following a medically restrictive diet, please consult your doctor or registered dietitian before preparing this recipe for personal consumption. Place the oxtail pieces in a tray. Your email address will not be published. Tender and delicious, oxtail stew is a rich and hearty stew made with oxtails, corn, potatoes, and the traditional flavors of Puerto Rico. The meat will have cooked from the bones. Puerto Rican empanadas are one of the tastiest handheld meals you will ever eat. Plus, there is such a variety of flavours in these recipes, so you are sure to find something for you. Remove and but up the meat and return to the pot; discarding the bones. Why not?
How To Make THE BEST Puerto Rican Oxtail Stew! - YouTube This luscious green base can create wonders in your kitchen, believe me when I say that. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Im a food and wine lover, and recipe creation enthusiast. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Im glad our paths have crossed. fell off the bones, Oxtails improve in flavor if braised 2 days ahead (add parsley, cilantro, and vinegar just before serving). These famously twice-fried green plantain discs are crunchy crisp on the outside with a softer inside. Bring the liquid in the pot up to a boil, then decrease the temperature to medium-low heat and give it a stir. Heat 1 tablespoon of olive oil on medium to medium-high heat in a 6-quart Dutch oven. Fry for about 3 minutes, or until softened and translucent.
Its a one pot meal with protein, rice and plenty of veggies. Bay leaves - cook the stew with a bay leaf or two - it'll bring a subtle floral taste. I threw in more chorizo than the recipe called for (abt 1/3-1/2 lb chorizo, though you could probably get away with more) because I absolutely love the stuff, and it turned out just fine -- in fact I think it added more to the overall flavor of the dish. Well seasoned and marinated red snapper is pan fried until the outside is crispy, and the inside is flaky and tender. One of Spains most traditional stews, rabo de toro is eaten in many different parts of the country. I did follow other's suggestions to double the paprika and Sherry Vinegar, and cooked it one day in advance then reheated for 30 minutes. Cover and allow to simmer until carrots are tender. This is Puerto Rican comfort food at its best! Served it
Dominican/ Puerto Rican Oxtails - YouTube Cover and cook for 3 hours, until meat is fork tender. pasta or whole grains. Oxtail stew is an often overlooked stew recipe. Start by seasoning your oxtails the night before. Dutch oven over medium-high heat; season oxtails with salt and pepper. My father, who grew up during the Depression, remembers oxtails as being food for people with little money, because they could be had so cheap.
To help you recreate these tropical flavors in your own kitchen, weve compiled this list of Puerto Rican Recipes from GypsyPlate and around the internet. The Chinese star anise recipe on this site is much much better. Add the bull tail back to the pan and cover with the wine and stock. Required fields are marked *. I just made this for a dinner party with friends and they loved it. Let me know in the comments below! garlic and herb seasoning (such as Spike), Grilled Flat Iron Steak with Blue Cheese-Chive Butter. Kind of a Spanish Chef Ramsey.Loved the recipe. How would you rate Spanish-Style Oxtails Braised with Chorizo? How To Make THE BEST Puerto Rican Oxtail Stew! The foil didn't create a strong enough seal and the oxtails didn't get to that 'fall apart on your plate' level of tenderness. recipe, I would a 2 tablespoons fresh cilantro (minced) salt (to taste) pepper (to taste) 1/4 cup golden raisins 4 cups Mexican 4-cheese blend (shredded, see notes) Instructions Preheat oven to 350F. Brown the oxtail all over. Uncover skillet and increase heat to high. The main secret to this recipe is the Goya Adobo All Purpose SeasoningDon't tell anybody All ingredients used are listed below. In Italy, oxtails ragu is to die for. Jibarito is a unique Puerto Rican style sandwich using fried plantains instead of bread. Tip the oxtail in with the vegetables and stir. This tropical island pleasure is a great cool down on a hot day. And be sure to subscribe to GypsyPlate, were always cooking up new easy recipes for you!
Jamaican Oxtail Stew (Plus Video) - Immaculate Bites Heat vegetable oil in a large, deep skillet over medium-high heat. Add bay leaf, thyme, and half a teaspoon of salt. This Puerto Rican Beef version is packed full of ingredients like beef, corn, plantains, sweet potatoes and more. Transfer as browned to a bowl. Kkori gomtang is a very popular and extremely tasty thick soup served up in South Korea, usually with rice. Perfectly grilled, marinated skirt steak topped with a fresh and flavorful chimichurri sauce Thats Churrasco, one of the most popular beef dishes around Latin America. Get the Recipe 9. Remove the bull tail and let the pieces rest. Each region and restaurant has their own version of this hearty Spanish classic.
Dominican Oxtail Stew Recipe | SideChef My favourite way to go about it is start off high, as stated in the recipe, but then you can go lower, say 140C / fan 120C / 284F / gas mark 1, and cook it for 3 hours (or more!) Puerto Rican Style Oxtails B The Bronx Gourmet 31 followers More information Oxtail Recipes Soup Recipes Cooking Recipes Puerto Rican Cuisine Puerto Rican Recipes Haitian Food Recipes Mexican Food Recipes Ethnic Recipes Oxtail Soup More information . This typical Spanish stew dates back to Roman times. 2023 Warner Bros. Cook either on the stove or the Instant Pot! Make sure to use good Spanish chorizo. Marinade in fridge overnight if possible or at least 2 hours. This flavorful and hearty Arroz con Pollo recipe is a great family meal. Its a wonderful comforting dish that will make you remember why you love Puerto Rican food so much. 1 tablespoon garlic and herb seasoning (such as Spike), 1 teaspoon browning sauce (such as Grace).
Pin by Kari Smith on recipes | Oxtail recipes, Haitian food recipes Season the oxtail and short ribs dust in flour and sear on all sides. Craving a taste of home? (I will leave a stove top oxtail stew recipe below.). Instructions Rinse beef oxtails and dry thoroughly with paper towels. Sancocho is a traditional Latin stew. It is Puerto Ricos national soup. Made using oxtail, one of the most underrated cuts of meat, rabo de toro is packed full of flavour. Great recipe, but the link to Oxtail seasoning is broken. This is important while the fat is going to add some fabulous flavour to this sumptuous Spanish stew, too much fat will spoil the dish. This delicious, authentic recipe for Puerto Rican carne guisada is a hearty beef stew that features lots of Caribbean flavors. Want to know more? No!.. with saffron rice. chorizo from Whole Foods, we also went that He has very high standards for food and judges dishes without mercy. Cook down until stock is reduced by half about 20 minutes. Elise founded Simply Recipes in 2003 and led the site until 2019. I can't wait to make this one again. The goal is to separate the vegetables and bay leaves from the sauce. Place oxtail in a shallow dish. I used real Spanish Leon Chorizo from a local Spanish deli as well as Spanish smoked paprika. Whats your favourite Spanish dish? 2023 Cond Nast. This twist on the diner classic touts spiced chorizo, pickled jalapeos, and creamy Oaxaca cheese. Reduce the heat to low. So much flavor in every single tender meat chunk. 9 October 2020 - By Michelle MinnaarThis post may contain affiliate links. Stir in the tomato puree, salt, and pepper; bring to a boil and add the orzo. Deliciously rich oxtail stew recipe with oxtails and onions, parsnips, and carrots braised in red wine and stock. I'd try this again though. Still, in many parts of the country, bull-fighting is leaving a bitter taste in the mouth. It it's used for special occasions and to impress. No wonder its one of the most famous cuisines in the world! At this point you have to check the level of liquid in the pot because you dont want it to dry out while cooking. This slow-simmered pork shoulder essentially makes itself, becoming fall-apart tender in a glossy soy-and-orange sauce with barely any intervention from you. Great meal for a potluck or family gathering. For this particular recipe, you could never go wrong with rice of any sort! Picadillo is stuffed inside a pastry shell, which is fried crisp. The oxtail goes back in the pan, together with some red wine (pick Spanish plonk for authenticity) and a little bit of stock. Once you've cooked this recipe, you might want to keep some for later. Looking for a specific recipe? Too much fat, however, can lead to a greasiness that is off-putting to some. Ingredients for a Goya adobo seasoning recipe are as follows: salt black pepper garlic powder onion powder dried oregano turmeric dried thyme cumin bay leaf, optional Most of these recipes are quick and easy ones made especially for busy weeknights. Just one serving of oxtail contains 3.6mgs of iron and 30.93g of protein. What is the difference between tiropita and spanakopita? Times have changed though and, with bullfighting losing popularity in Spain, the dish has been adapted for a modern palette, as well as a modern conscience. Return to pan a fry and additional 3 minutes. This time I used half of sweet and half hot. Mix and coat each of the pieces well with flour.
Rabo De Toro - A Spanish Oxtail Stew Recipe | Greedy Gourmet The other way is to use a pressure cooker to speed up the cooking process. Allow for a bit of steam to escape). Once known as a "cheap" cut of meat, oxtails are now a sought after meat for it's desired tenderness that comes from hours of cooking this fatty cut of meat. Would definitely make this again. Asopao de Pollo (Puerto Rican Chicken Stew) is a comfy cozy soup with tons of amazing flavors.
15 Puerto Rican Oxtail Recipe - Selected Recipes When you buy oxtails from the supermarket or butcher, often times the excess fat has been trimmed. Also blended the remaining sauce with a hand blender after done for a better texture. It should be cooked for a minimum of 3 hours for the best results. (-) Information is not currently available for this nutrient. The meat The oxtails and chorizo make such a good mix. Protein is essential when it comes to creating and repairing cells. I've been taught that the basics for a Puerto Rican adobo seasoning blend is always: salt black pepper garlic powder onion powder oregano That's a simple house blend recipe. Add oxtail, with its juices, and butter. a full bodied Bacalaitos are an immensely popular street food in Puerto Rico. Mofongo is one of the most common Puerto Rican dishes, made by mashing fried green plantains with garlic and pork cracklings. The segments are vertebrae so they have lots of iron-rich marrow as well. Puerto Rican Garbanzos Guisados Instant Pot Refried Beans Cuban Black Beans Puerto Rican Slow Cooker Turkey Chili Soup Recipes From sancocho to chicken noodle soup, it's always great to have a variety of Puerto Rican soup recipes! Based Coda alla vaccinara, or roman stew, is another very popular Italian dish. chorizo and some of
If you don't want to cook your oxtail straight away, itll keep in the fridge for 35 days.
You can freeze it for up to 3 months. Either skim the fat off the top with a spoon, use a fat separator to remove the fat, or chill the cooking liquid for several hours so that the fat solidifies, making it easier to remove. Cook, stirring occasionally, until sauce reduces and thickens, about 5 minutes. It is used as a side, or stuffed with meat dishes to make a complete meal. ** Nutrient information is not available for all ingredients. Oxtail Stew | Rabo Encendido | Made To Order | Chef Zee Cooks, Spanish-Style Oxtails Braised with Chorizo. Versions of oxtail soup are popular traditional dishes in South America, West Africa, China, Spain, Korea and Indonesia. For more great Instant Pot recipes, please visit InstantPotEasy.com . Cook over medium heat, uncovered, stirring, for 5 minutes, or until the past is still a bit chewy.