- Turks advance into Austria to control the Mediterranean -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians ~ bulk of taxes fell onto towns, MONEY=> make army => make bureaucracy => Don't need nobility => consolidate power on own ~alliance w/ Electors of Brandenburg+ Saxony = Victory and reversed war, and brought new mobility to change tactics, ~ Battle of Lutzen: Adolphus dies, Deep religious motivation, greed and political gain real forces in War. E. Scorned pleasures as the idle activities which allowed the devil to influence one's actions; from citizens belonging to the Church and sending the money to Rome. [citation needed], On 2 January 1710, king Louis XIV of France agreed to commence peace negotiations in Geertruidenberg[es]. Utrecht Area, Netherlands . I. Catholic South vs Protestant North (Union of Utrecht, declared independence 1581).England gets . a Vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit. -- Colbert, finance minister. C. Louis XIV (1643-1715) Set a timer for 45 minutes. He also believed that rulers should rule without anyone's consent. or less domesticated, divided or loyal nobility so that this period is known as the "Age of Absolutism.". Great Britain signed a like treaty with Spain (9 December 1713). [29] In any case, the Dutch achieved their condominium in the Austrian Netherlands with the Austro-Dutch Barrier Treaty of 1715. August 1589, Henry III assassinated by crazy monk sake of human liberty. The Union of Utrecht (Dutch language: Unie van Utrecht ) was a treaty signed on 23 January 1579 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain. Nations were looking for new trade routes which led to new explorations. Pessimistic about man; optimistic about God. [7], Several other treaties came out of the congress of Utrecht. -1st Fronde (1648-1649) ended in compromise -Desired Spain to be a major power (economy dependent on imports of gold, silver+ goods) -> set off inflation ~ 1653: nobles given freedom from taxation, control over peasants in exchange for reduced role on politics The country was frequently at war with other European powers, and it was also hit by a number of economic crises. Chapter 17 - The Scientific and Commercial Revolutions - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria Despite its many achievements, the Dutch Golden Age was not without its challenges. PDF Image Zoom Out. Treaty of Utrecht - New World Encyclopedia Between the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815), European states managed their external affairs within a balance of power system. Semester One - Mr. Johnston's AP European History (Lord Protector) SIR THOMAS MORE --> expressed idea of communal living; no class distinctions; no unemployment; no competition; everyone living and working together; defied One of the seven places with a vote to choose the next Holy Roman Emperor. Habsburg-Valois Wars. I. - more taxation Period of "creative breakup" F. Great Peasant Revolt of 1520. -Spain gives England Gibraltar, control of the slave trade (Asiento), (1642-1649) English war between Charles I's "Cavaliers" and the parliament's army, the "roundheads"; ends with Charles Cromwell and his "New Model Army" taking power, (1700-1721) war in which Peter the Great attacked Sweden and gained control of Latvia and Estonia, (1709) decisive victory of Peter the Great over Sweden during the Great Northern War. in other Spanish kingdoms. prestige and power of a modern nation. -went after dangerous nobles (asserted territorial independence) Test Act. -Peace of Nystadt (1721): The Grand Alliance of 1701 Also known as the League of Augsburg, an anti- French European coalition formed to check the power of France. The idea was reflected in the wording of the treaties and resurfaced after the defeat of Napoleon in the 1815 Concert of Europe that dominated Europe in the 19th century. to. D. Each person must deal with God directly -- each person is his/her own priest. Most of the wars of the period, including conflicts fought outside of Europe, stemmed from attempts either to preserve or disturb the balance of power . IX. French-style ministries replaced the system of government. -weakened traditional parliamentary liberties The Whigs considered themselves the heirs of the staunch anti-French policies of William III and the Duke of Marlborough. -- religious toleration, but leaned toward the Catholics. (1521-1559) Series of wars in which France and the Holy Roman Empire competed for Italy. -Defeat in Central Europe forced Austria to turn east + Consolidate rule The concept of balance of power replaced religion as the center of military and diplomatic objectives. -faced revolts of nobility and Parlement of Paris (court) AP Euro Age of Absolutism Timeline. -- joint-stock companies. The Netherlands was home to a number of talented artists and writers, and the country's prosperity allowed for a flourishing arts scene. -Son succeeds Oliver but resigns in failure in 1659 he improved Fr. Recognizes protestants in HRE. Apr 13, 1598 . -Revokes religious freedoms of Protestants \text { Year }(t) & \text { Cash flow } \\ C. increase in world trade. Facing increasing competition from England and France, the Dutch lost their dominance of trade and the government became more rigid and less tolerant. The war was very expensive and bloody and finally stalemated. Email me your results to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com. -Austria gets former Spanish Netherlands : f(x)=x(x1);x=4f(x)=x(\sqrt{x}-1) ; x=4 B. -- Whigs and Tories (distinctions between political party). -standing army increased from 38k to 83k -> approves needs money but ignores limitations doesn't call for 11 Chapter 18 - The Balance of power in 18th Century Europe The country was home to a number of talented artists and writers, and the prosperity of the period allowed for a flourishing arts scene. -- Bibles were made accessible to the populous in the vernacular. 1. mercantile practices or spirit; commercialism 2. ~ defender of Anglican Church, Distrusted Puritans (Calvinists) I. -- English Bill of Rights (1668-1689) --> it settled all of the major issues between the kings and -1559 Act of Supremacy repealed Mary I's works succession: 1740-17-48, causes: challenge. The peace treaties involving Spain took longer to arrange. No need for sacraments (except Baptism, Eucharist, & Confirmation) or good works. ~ Peace of Utrecht A. monarchies resented the Church for not paying any taxes to the nation, but collecting taxes -tax increase 3x for peasants: "soul tax" replace land tax Cuius regio, eius religio in the Holy Roman Empire. -opposed by England, Spain, Unitecd provinces, Holy Roman Emperor, Sweden and the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Palatinate . to Versailles England stabilized under constitutionalism after the Glorious Revolution, and France stabilized under the absolutist control of Louis XIV, allowing these nations to emerge as world leaders. Perspective: Wars end recognition of minority religious rights, guarantee of traditional boundaries of political sovereignty. D. Russia in the 17c and early 18c: -Southern lands remain Catholic + Spanish Control The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Mnster and Osnabrck. H. development of the modern British political system: The House of Hanover succeeded to the British throne and the former Spanish territories in Italy were ceded to the Habsburgs. - Philip concerned with enjoying life -- "Men are to be changed by religion, not change it!." Skip to document. A. mercantilism --> the colony existed for the benefit of the mother country; a monpolistic global eco. [46], "Treaty of Utrecht" redirects here. At this time, neither European power saw North America as a place worth devoting significant military resources. B. Louis XIII (1616-1643) Effects of the Commercial Revolution: 1685 Edict of Fountainebleau revokes Edict of Nantes, Creates centralized administration -- he launched bold new foreign policy ventures chalenging the Dutch for the commercial France signed treaties of commerce and navigation with Great Britain and the Netherlands (11 April 1713). [24], The treaty's territorial provisions did not go as far as the Whigs in Britain would have liked, considering that the French had made overtures for peace in 1706 and again in 1709. If you could only earn 5% on your investments, how much would you be ready to pay for the chance to own this stream? -- Parliament now reigned supreme. -Clarendon Code brought back Anglican Church, restricted rights of Catholics, and non-Anglicans Though the king of France ensured the Spanish crown for his dynasty, the treaties marked the end of French ambitions of hegemony in Europe expressed in the continuous wars of Louis XIV, and paved the way to the European system based on the balance of power. -- he wanted church lands and property to add to his treasury. by chi ze renae, Jan. 2008. -- the right of the citizen to rebel against a government that violated these basic human rights. This assurance was given, and so in February the Imperial representatives made their appearance. Enlightenment philosophes provided a major source of ideas that could be used to undermine The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648. aristocracy. -- make France the strongest country in Europe. -- costly, inefficient methods of tax collecting (nobility not taxed) Mar 9, 1661 . The 1707, 1715 and 1716 Nueva Planta decrees abolished regional political structures in the kingdoms of Aragon, Valencia, Majorca and the Principality of Catalonia, although Catalonia and Aragon retained some of these rights until 1767. Huguenots right to worship in selected areas/ fortified towns -no Huguenot churches, schools permanence/ role of Parliament, -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians [36] However, these gains were diminished by various factors, chiefly the disruption of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 caused by Charles disinheriting his nieces in favour of his daughter Maria Theresa. -cooperation and collaboration rather than control [11] In Article X, Spain ceded the strategic ports of Gibraltar and Minorca. B. Find the equation of the line that is tangent to the graph of the given function at the point (c,f(c))(c, f(c))(c,f(c)) for the specified value of x=cx=cx=c. (1337-1453) Long series of wars between France and England, (1521-1559) Series of wars in which France and the Holy Roman Empire competed for Italy, (1555) Treaty in which Charles V allowed regional Princes to dictate the religion of their lands, (1559) Treaty that ended the Habsburg-Valois wars, (1618-1648) war that started with the defenestration of Prague; the last major war to be started because of religion, (1618-1625) first phase of the 30 years' war; conflict between catholics and protestants; protestants lose at the battle of White Mountain, (1625-1629 second phase of the 30 years' war; protestant King Christian IV of Denmark steps in against HRE Catholics but is beaten by Albert of Wallenstein; in 1629 Ferdinand II outlaws calvinism in the HRE, (1630-1635) third phase of the 30 years' war; King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden beats Catholics at the battles of Breitenfield(1631) and Lutzen(1632); Adolphus killed at the battle of Nordlingen(1634) but Protestants gain momentum, (1635-1648) fourth phase of the 30 Years' War; France, Holland, and Savoy aid Sweden and Protestant Germans; only Spain helps HRE; 13 violent years that don't get anyone anywhere.
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