WebThis Lindane Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document replaces the earlier National Marine Fisheries Service No Observed Adverse Effect Level National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System EPA Office of Pesticide Programs Population Adjusted Dose Pesticide Analytical Method Public Document WebInternational initiatives on Lindane include the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution; the Rotterdam Convention; the OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic, the Great Convulsions. WebThe MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: Symbol (fish and tree): Black on A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. (4) For domestic transportation, a packaging marked prior to January 1, 2017 and in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue in service until the end of its useful life. This study investigates acute toxicity and histological effects of Lindane insecticide on intestinal tissues of immature grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). $>. The EPA has approved the use of lindane stockpiles through 2009. Effects of long-term or repeated exposure Access to page content (press "Enter") Lindane and Cough. Lindane In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses of lindane, limited in recent years to pre-planting seed treatments. [15] Central nervous system stimulation ranging from dizziness to seizures, has also been reported; however, serious effects, like seizures, have almost always resulted from oral ingestion or misuse of medication (e.g., repeated treatments or prolonged applications). startxref [23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. [28] More specifically, the EPA conducted down-the-drain estimates of the amount of lindane reaching public water supplies from the use of lindane medications using data from California water treatment facilities, concluding that lindane levels from pharmaceutical sources were extremely low and not of concern.[5]. Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and Water | Free Full-Text | The Toxic Effects of Lindane via the The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. [27] Similar findings were noted by U.S. Geologic Survey teams in 1999 and 2000. 0000001244 00000 n 0000057176 00000 n Studies of the carcinogenic effects of lindane have been inconclusive and often limited by study design; however, no major carcinogenic effects have been noted in human trials to date. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. As noted by the U.S. District Court, the case pleads that [d]efendants swap agricultural and pharmaceutical research selectively quoting and/or misstating findings from studies relating to the agricultural use of lindane, and widely disseminate false, misleading, and defamatory statements about the safety profile and effectiveness of lindane.[34] On June 18, 2007, Judge Elaine Bucklo issued a written decision denying defendants motion to dismiss and further held that Morton Grove had properly pled a case suitable for trial on the following counts: defamation, false advertising under the Federal Lanham Act, trade disparagement and violation of the Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practice Act. [11][12] Both medications contain only the gamma-HCH isomer, and are available as prescription-only medications. 0000003791 00000 n [7] These infectious diseases, two of which are sexually transmitted, affect tens of millions of Americans and hundreds of millions of people worldwide every year. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified lindane as a possible human carcinogen. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. WebLindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. A review of the most serious cases described 15 deaths of which two were confirmed related to lindane misuse including a suicidal ingestion. [6] Most exposure of the general population to lindane results from agricultural uses and the intake of contaminated foods, such as produce, meats and milk. Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod Diarrhoea. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Severe [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. (2) Be marked on each end and each side with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark if the packaging has a capacity of 3,785 L (1,000 gallons) or more. [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. The most common side effects are nonserious reactions of the skin (e.g., burning, itching, dryness and rash). Vomiting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. (i) At least 100 mm (3.9 inches) as measured from the outside of the lines forming the border for marks applied to: (A) Non-bulk packages, except in the case of packages which, because of their size, can only bear smaller marks. Abstract. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and trichlorobenzenes (see ICSCs 0344, 1049 and 1222). To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. Lindane is categorized as a persistent organic pollutant, and its concentrated form persists in the aquatic environment. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Lindane has adverse effects on Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Lindane Bioremediation Capability 0000000016 00000 n Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the northern front range from "serious" to "severe." The MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: (2) The marking must be in the form of a square-on-point. [4][5] This is not unlike other medications where the active ingredient has other non-healthcare applications. WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. 0000006227 00000 n 1997-2023 LUMITOS AG, All rights reserved, https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Lindane.html, Your browser is not current. For materials described using UN3077, Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. and UN3082, Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s., see 172.102(c)(1), special provision 441 for additional provisions; and. Larger than the issue of lindane toxicity are concerns related to the non-gamma isomers of HCH, namely alpha-HCH and beta-HCH, which are notably more toxic than lindane. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. 49 CFR 172.322 - Marine pollutants. | Electronic Code Over time, lindane is broken down in soil, sediment and water into less harmful substances by algae, fungi and bacteria; however, the process is relatively slow and dependent on ambient environmental conditions. Severe Marine Pollutants - ReadyGo Lindane, Hexachlorocyclohexane (Technical Grade), (d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required -. Nausea. %PDF-1.6 % At the same time, a boxed warning was added to the prescription label to highlight to healthcare providers appropriate use criteria and rare treatment risks. Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. However, Morton Grove presented new facts supporting its case for jurisdiction in Illinois and the Court held that Morton Grove's "Second Amended Complaint would provide specific jurisdiction over the Center and Weil." (b) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, a bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant must -, (1) Be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark on at least two opposing sides or two ends other than the bottom if the packaging has a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons). Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. Lindane - Wikipedia Web( d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required ( 1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: ( i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or ( ii) A net However, a significant amount of Lindane is also found in (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. Medical observation is indicated. [1] The ecological impact of lindanes environmental persistence continues to be debated. with the financial assistance of the European Commission. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark shall be placed in association with the hazard warning labels required by subpart E of this part or, in the absence of any labels, in association with the marked proper shipping name. 0000047710 00000 n A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. Rest. In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans. (Note: These events represent the most common reported to the FDA and do not represent the most common events associated with the use of lindane lotion and lindane shampoo overall). 104 22 The direct causes of death for the other cases were attributed to reasons other than lindane. Inhalation risk The mark must appear on each side and each end of the transport vehicle or freight container, and must be visible from the direction it faces. WebLindane is an organochlorine pesticide belonging to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that has been widely used to treat agricultural pests. Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices of De-Contamination Exchanged. Physical State; Appearance Perspectives of lindane (-hexachlorocyclohexane) Effects of short-term exposure The symbol and border must be black on a white or suitable contrasting background. Sweep spilled substance into sealable non-metallic containers. [6] Mexico has committed to a structured, voluntary phase out of lindane through the North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) but currently authorizes agricultural, veterinary and healthcare uses. [24] The Joint Committee on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) of The World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations similarly concluded in 2004 that In the absence of genotoxicity and on the basis of the weight of the evidence from the studies of carcinogenicity, JMPR has concluded that lindane is not likely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans.[21], The production and use of lindane in agricultural (both of which have declined significantly in the last 20 years) are the primary causes of environmental contamination,[25] and levels of lindane in the environment have waned in the U.S. from 1986 through 2003, consistent with decreasing agricultural usage patterns. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 oxygenase system. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 does not support some functions on Chemie.DE. It is highly toxic to fish and honeybees and moderately toxic to most 0000001466 00000 n 104 0 obj <> endobj A wide range of pollutionfrom plastic pollution to light pollutionaffects marine ecosystems. They are second line treatments, meaning they are prescribed only when first-line therapies have failed, cannot be tolerated or are otherwise contraindicated. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. Lindane Transportation [32][33] In the U.S., petitions to ban the use of pharmaceutical lindane have been rejected by the FDA and determined to be without merit by experts working with this regulatory agency. Ethyl-4-aminobenzoate. [4][6] It is banned in 52 countries and the state of California, and is under review for addition to the Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants. [6] With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. For these purposes, 105 fish were exposed to different concentrations of Lindane for 96 h in 5 groups with 3 replications. UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III, Prepared by an international group of experts on behalf of ILO and WHO, Remove contaminated clothes. (a) For vessel transportation of each non-bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant -, (1) For a proper shipping name used to describe a hazardous material that is a marine pollutant and assigned the letter G in column (1) of the 172.101 hazardous materials table or that contains the text n.o.s., the name of the component which makes the material a marine pollutant must be marked on the package in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name unless the proper shipping name identifies by name the component which makes the material a marine pollutant. WebIn the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all provisions of this subchapter relevant to any additional hazards continue to The authors concluded that "The California experience suggests elimination of pharmaceutical lindane produced environmental benefits, was associated with a reduction in reported unintentional exposures and did not adversely affect head lice and scabies treatment. %PDF-1.4 % Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. In addition, there were 46 hospitalizations, and seven life-threatening outcomesfive from the same household. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gloves. pollution The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. [15], The current FDA-approved product labeling emphasizes that lindane medications are contraindicated for use in premature infants and individuals with known uncontrolled seizure disorders and should be used with caution in infants, children, the elderly, and individuals with other skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis) and in those who weigh less than 110 lbs (50 kg) as they may be at risk of serious neurotoxicity. 0000057076 00000 n xb```"cV @16$!Lvr p'wO'w6%nY38rg?&')(Iq^ YNH(Hinthr;.5. Decomposes on heating and on burning. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. Lindane eCFR :: 49 CFR 171.4 -- Marine pollutants. [16] The vast majority (85%) of these reports488 totalwere classified as nonserious, while serious events most often resulted from product misuse (80% of serious cases). 0000003713 00000 n Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices "[14], The most common side effects associated with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. [13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. ];pGvZo~z8i##N7M3|cruvx}qLY^*PqoWU-;yr$z:9~sro?6N9iC0Y 6)?S9xwQ(elU[3+s]q-{ [10] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Other countries, like Canada, similarly approve of pharmaceutical applications for lindane but no longer permit its broader use agriculturally. 0000001686 00000 n [1] In the 1940s and 1950s lindane producers stockpiled these isomers in open heaps, which led to ground and water contamination. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Rinse mouth. Not combustible. This may result in convulsions. The substance may have effects on the nervous system, bone marrow and liver. Well closed. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. This requirement may be met by the marking displayed on a freight container or portable tank loaded on a motor vehicle or rail car. Lindane (Ref: OMS 17) - University of Hertfordshire NRDC: When the Treatment is Toxic - Pesticides in Head The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard; or. Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents. eCFR :: 49 CFR 172.322 -- Marine pollutants. WebLINDANE ICSC: 0053 IMPORTANT DATA PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE: ODOURLESS, WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER CHEMICAL DANGERS: On contact with hot surfaces or flames this substance decomposes forming toxic and corrosive fumes including phosgene and hydrogen chloride. Molecular mass: 290.8 Refer immediately for medical attention. ILO and WHO 2021. Marine pollutants Symbol (fish and tree): Black on white or suitable contrasting background. In the U.S., lindane medications are exclusively manufactured and distributed by Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc. [16] Only rarely have seizures and even more rarely fatal reactions been reported when lindane medications were used (presumably) according to directions.[7][11][12]. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Dizziness. Lindane (-BHC) is an organochlorine insecticide that is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), and serious health problems can arise after This substance is carcinogenic to humans. Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. PIC The company seeks damages and injunctive relief against all of the defendants. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. This mark may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. Refer for medical attention . WebThe table located at Appendix B to 172.101, List of Marine Pollutants, contains two columns. 0000050404 00000 n Boiling point: 323C Melting point: 113C Density: 1.9 g/cmSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20C: 0.0007 (very poor)Vapour pressure, Pa at 20C: 0.0012 Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20C (air = 1): 1Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 3.61 - 3.72. Routes of exposure (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development. It is of particular concern because of Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Tremor. hYio+QB L` EDl+b?5 %U`{W5=;" C*LOu3],5K1v)v..%S]*&dc?>|]^+}.{|xu}>_]_og|Sn6?8WagnsyY~9,6lY|y /7buvx|~\^sgd_ yr|t1g/7o_7:E}stm"(:KjuygEwq^|_]. [1] Toxicity of phenanthrene and lindane mixtures LINDANE 0000002475 00000 n Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. [1] xref [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . Marine pollutants or environmentally hazardous substances are materials that can pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems. Marine pollutant is a term mainly used by IMDG code while the term " environmentally hazardous substances " are used by other dangerous goods regulations such as ADR and IATA. Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (-HCH) and benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine insecticide that has been used in agriculture and in pharmaceutical products for the treatment of headlice and scabies. WebThe concentration addition model was applied to determine whether toxicity of two compounds, phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can WebLindane Can Be Toxic to Humans Lindane, also known as g-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-HCH), is commonly used in shampoos and other topical treatments for head lice and 0000006190 00000 n Lindane (Gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane) - US EPA Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. Samples of intestinal tissues were prepared in both control Interpretation Response | PHMSA WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. The following ingredients are of concern in the marine environment and need more testing: Cinoxate. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. However, lindane medications remain available in Canada for public health purposes as non-prescription therapies. Your browser does not support JavaScript. The other storms took place on November 4, 2021 and March 24, 2023. This is the third severe geomagnetic storm (G4) since Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019. 0000003168 00000 n [4] There is a bill in the New York State Assembly and Senate to ban its use in head lice products and limit its use on scabies, which had not passed as of September 2007. UN Classification Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Headache. Where dimensions are not specified, all features shall be in approximate proportion to those shown. [6] (see also Regulatory Status) The FDA, however, continues to support the use of lindane prescription medications, noting that The risk of occupational/environmental exposure should be assessed separately and independent of the risk related to the therapeutic use of a medication to treat a medical condition where there is direct benefit to the patient. trailer Lindane is the main insecticide produced in China. Column 1 is labeled S.M.P. for Severe Marine Pollutants and Column 2 is To use all the functions on Chemie.DE please activate JavaScript. Six cases of congenital anomaly were also describedfive for infants "possibly" exposed to lindane in utero and one paternal exposurebut no characteristic pattern of effect was noted. Separated from bases and food and feedstuffs. 0000003215 00000 n Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. CFR Title 49. Transportation 49 CFR 172.101, App. B It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. 0000002858 00000 n Lindane has been used in the U.S. for more than 60 years, both in healthcare and in agriculture. [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. [1] Vomiting and nausea are usual symptoms associated with oral ingestions of lindane but serious neurologic effects can occur, albeit less frequently. [34], In response to Morton Grove's complaint, the Ecology Center defendants moved to dismiss the case based on an alleged lack of personal jurisdiction. Hexachlorocyclohexane A medication guide, written in plain English, was also developed and is now required by law to be dispensed with every lindane prescription dispensed in the U.S. to better educate patients and caregivers on safe application technique. 0000003484 00000 n Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation, CHAPTER I - PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, SUBCHAPTER C - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 172 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS. (June 8, 2007 order). 125 0 obj <>stream The International HCH and Pesticide Forum has since been established to bring together experts to address the clean-up and containment of these sites. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including chlorine (see ICSC 0126), hydrogen chloride (see ICSC 0163) and phosgene (see ICSC 0007). Long-term toxicity of lindane through oxidative stress and cell Web4-methylbenzylidene camphor. [18], Canadas Pest Management Regulatory Agency phased out of all agricultural uses of lindane between 2000 and 2005 due to concerns of chronic occupational exposure and risks to workers during seed treatment and planting. (B) Bulk packages with a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons); or. Exposure to large amounts of lindane can negatively affect the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. 89 0 obj <>stream [7][16], In all age groups, reported adverse events occurred mainly in patients with contraindications to the use of lindane or in those who appeared to have misapplied or orally ingested medication.
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